GRADE I (MILD)
Stretching injury to the ligaments causing pain, mild swelling, tenderness and mild pain when walking.
TREATMENT:
Rest, ice, and ankle brace.
Prognosis: Excellent, full recovery expected within 4-6 weeks
GRADE II (MODERATE)
Partial tearing of the ligament causing pain, moderate swelling, tenderness and it is difficult to bear weight without pain
TREATMENT:
Rest, ice, immobilization in boot or cast and physical therapy
Prognosis: Excellent. Full recovery is expected with physical therapy and bracing.
GRADE III (SEVERE)
Complete tear to the ligaments in the ankle joint region. Severe pain with diffuse tenderness, swelling and discoloration to the ankle joint. Difficulty weight bearing is a clue to the severity to the injury.
TREATMENT: Immobilization in a cast for 4 to 6 weeks, followed by physical therapy and ankle bracing to allow a full return to activity.
Prognosis: Excellent with full recovery expected IF the injury is treated IMMEDIATELY and followed with therapy and bracing.
CHRONIC INSTABILITY:
The ankle easily twists and rolls over with walking and during sports, causing pain, swelling and stiffness to the ankle.
TREATMENT:
Aggressive physical therapy, and custom ankle bracing.
Prognosis: Good if the damage that exists is not severe. Surgery may be necessary to reconstruct the ligaments and allow full recovery.
IMPINGEMENT SYNDROME:
Swelling in the ankle joint that becomes chronic due to a history of ankle sprains or fracture. Stiffness in the ankle is present in the morning or after getting up from sitting that loosens with walking but low grade pain still persists.
TREATMENT
Medication, therapy, and bracing for mild injuries.
Arthroscopic surgery may be necessary to adequately alleviate symptoms.